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Friendswood, TX
Multi-stage pressure reduction

Multi-Stage Restriction Orifice Plate for high pressure drop service

Multi-stage restriction orifice assemblies are a traditional approach to high pressure drop in liquid piping systems. The total pressure reduction is divided across multiple restriction stages to help manage cavitation, noise, vibration, and downstream piping damage.

Engineers review every submission

Multi-stage restriction orifice plate assembly with flanged spools and staged plates
Code support
ASME B31.1 & B31.3
Service
Severe-service liquid systems
Materials
304L to super duplex & nickel alloys
Federal contracting
SDVOSB-Certified
Pressure recovery

See the difference in cavitation behavior

The video below shows how pressure reduction and recovery affect where cavitation forms and where damaging vapor collapse occurs.

Cavitation in liquid flow: cavitating vs. Anti-Cavitate Orifice Plate™
© 2026 Restrict Flow L.L.C.| restrictflow.com .

A multi-stage assembly can require additional pipe length, flange sets, and installation space. The Anti-Cavitate Orifice Plate™ is designed to manage high pressure drop within a single device installed between standard flanges.

Definition

What is a multi-stage restriction orifice plate?

A multi-stage restriction orifice assembly divides the required pressure drop across multiple restriction plates separated by pipe spool sections. Each stage handles a portion of the total pressure reduction, with spacing between stages allowing pressure recovery before the next restriction.

This is a well-established approach for severe pressure-reduction service. When properly sized and spaced for the operating conditions, multi-stage assemblies can reduce cavitation severity compared with taking the full pressure drop across a single standard restriction orifice plate.

Typical applications

Design constraints

Where multi-stage assemblies become difficult

The engineering challenge is often not whether staged assemblies work. The challenge is whether the available piping system can physically support them.

As pressure drop increases, staged assemblies can require:

  • Additional pipe length
  • Multiple flange sets
  • Inter-stage spool sections
  • Additional wetted components and welds
  • Inspection access
  • Added support requirements
  • Larger installation envelopes

In retrofit systems, available space is frequently limited by:

  • Existing equipment
  • Structural steel
  • Wall penetrations
  • Vessel connections
  • Shipboard layouts
  • Skid boundaries
  • Maintenance access requirements

For some systems, the required straight-pipe real estate becomes the primary design constraint.

An Alternative Approach

Single device pressure reduction

Restrict Flow's Anti-Cavitate Orifice Plate™ is designed to manage high differential pressure liquid service within a single device installed between existing flanges.

A conventional flat restriction orifice creates its pressure reduction at a single bore, with pressure recovery occurring downstream in the piping. If local pressure falls below vapor pressure, cavitation can form and damaging vapor collapse may occur as pressure recovers.

Restrict Flow’s Anti-Cavitate Orifice Plate™ uses a single-stage engineered flow path to manage pressure drop and cavitation within the device, helping reduce damaging vapor collapse in downstream piping.

This approach allows Restrict Flow to evaluate whether the same pressure reduction objective can be achieved without requiring a long staged assembly.

Compact alternative

Anti-Cavitate Orifice Plate™

For applications where a compact single-device approach is preferred, the Anti-Cavitate Orifice Plate™ manages high pressure drop within a single stage installed between standard flanges.

Explore the Anti-Cavitate Orifice Plate™
Retrofit-ready

Designed for existing piping systems

The Anti-Cavitate Orifice Plate™ is designed to install between standard flanges without requiring major piping reconfiguration. Depending on the service conditions, this can reduce axial footprint, piping complexity, flange count, inspection points, maintenance exposure, and installation difficulty.

Applications include:

  • Boiler feedwater systems
  • Pump minimum-flow recirculation
  • Power generation
  • Marine piping systems
  • Raw water systems
  • Refinery and petrochemical piping
  • Municipal infrastructure
  • Industrial process systems

Engineered from your operating conditions:

  • Flow rate
  • Pressure conditions
  • Fluid properties
  • Pipe size
  • Flange specification
  • Material requirements
  • Applicable design code
Cavitation index

Cavitation in piping systems

Cavitation is often identified in the field long before it is formally diagnosed.

Common field indicators include:

  • Excessive noise
  • Vibration
  • Downstream piping wear
  • Recurring failures
  • Support fatigue
  • Valve damage
σ = (P2 − Pv) / (P1 − P2)
Where:
P1 = upstream pressure
P2 = downstream pressure
Pv = vapor pressure of the liquid at operating temperature

All pressures must be absolute pressures, not gauge pressures. Vapor pressure must be based on the actual operating fluid temperature. σ is a dimensionless cavitation index. As σ decreases, cavitation risk increases. Values well above 1 generally indicate lower cavitation risk; values approaching 1 or below indicate elevated cavitation risk and should be reviewed against the specific geometry, fluid, and operating conditions.

In many systems, what initially appears to be a vibration or piping issue is ultimately tied to how pressure reduction is occurring through the flow path. For a broader explanation of how cavitation develops in liquid piping systems, see our  cavitation in piping systems overview.

Engineering support

Application and material support

Restrict Flow evaluates:

  • Pressure differential
  • Flow conditions
  • Vapor pressure margin
  • Piping geometry
  • Available installation envelope
  • Material compatibility
  • Cavitation potential
  • Inspection and maintenance constraints

Typical support includes:

  • High differential pressure liquid systems
  • Custom engineered restriction orifice applications
  • ASME B31.1 and ASME B31.3 piping support
  • Marine and government nuclear process support
  • Materials: 304L, 316L, AL6-XN, duplex, super duplex, Monel, Hastelloy, and other alloys on request

Restrict Flow supports severe-service liquid applications where pressure drop, cavitation risk, space constraints, or maintenance complexity are key design concerns.

Request an engineering review

Submit your system conditions for review

If your system is experiencing any of the following, Restrict Flow can review the application and evaluate the operating conditions:

  • Cavitation
  • Piping noise
  • Vibration
  • Recurring downstream wear
  • Severe pressure reduction constraints
  • Limited installation space
Submit System Data